Reform agenda
Sienna Rodgers of The House magazine wasn't wrong when she wrote, "the motivation for those targeting McSweeney is clear: Starmer, it is widely believed, is finished without him." McSweeney has become a lightning rod because he is seen as the cause of so many of Starmer's changes of direction.
Many of the Labour members who voted for Starmer in the party's 2020 leadership election expected a more radical figure. Instead, they have been baffled by a series of policy U-turns and an increasingly socially conservative approach to policy, aimed at wooing Reform UK voters. McSweeney is seen as being behind this shift.
The dilemma over the rise and rise of Nigel Farage's Reform party has hit Labour hard. It's not just obvious in ministers' speeches; all around the conference, you can hear the chatter of endless conversations along the same lines. "We're quite fearful, to be honest," activists tell one another. "It's all about how to beat Reform, basically."
Labour has historically taken its working-class voter base for granted, while it wins or loses elections on the back of middle-class voters. To suddenly find another party, claiming the mantle of being more working class, accusing Labour of being a party of southern elites, has really knocked people's confidence. It goes to the heart of how Labour politicians see themselves: "Are we the baddies?"
And so activists seek solace in comfortable old certainties. In the conference's 'Labour shop', a whole range of nostalgia merchandise has been launched this year, from mugs to T-shirts, commemorating 80 years since the Labour government of 1945. If Labour in 2025 can't offer members a better future, it can at least offer up a better yesterday.
Ad-libbing policies
This does not feel like a party that won a landslide only 14 months ago. Its conference has had a level of exhaustion normally seen only in parties that have been in power for over a decade. At fringe event after fringe event, the most interesting or lively guest speaker was usually the person brought in from outside the party: a social worker, an economist, or a local imam.
MPs and councillors, by contrast, often sounded shell-shocked and afraid to say too much. Part of this stems from how Starmer led Labour in opposition. The party's strategists congratulated themselves on a brilliant wheeze, through the years of 2020 to 2024, of not being tied down to anything too specific. They were the textbook opposition, they believed: attacking the Tories in government, without having policies of their own that could be counter-attacked. They had learned from the Corbyn years, when lengthy manifestos were a hostage to fortune. No one wanted a repeat of Labour's mammoth 1983 policy manifesto under Michael Foot, famously dubbed "The longest suicide note in history." Policies could be left to the very end of the last Parliament, before being hammered out.
Unfortunately, Rishi Sunak's call for an early election in May 2024 surprised many people, not least those strategists. And a lot of vital work never happened, from scheduled briefings with civil servants to agreeing on detailed policy proposals. Labour accidentally found itself in power several months too early and has been making up policy as it goes ever since.
This is how the government ended up quietly ditching several of its established policies, such as proportional representation and an elected House of Lords, while spending political capital on major new policies that weren't even in its manifesto and which often divide people across political lines, such as last week's new digital ID cards proposal.
Incidentally, a popular topic of conference gossip has been to speculate about which companies might get the lucrative government contract for ID cards, estimated by Labour Together as being worth up to £400m.
'A ghastly job'
But the existential ennui has not stopped the glad-handing. There are plenty of lobbyists in town to do business, and Labour is in the middle of an election for a new deputy leader.
Education secretary Bridget Phillipson has been pushed by the party machine for that position at every stage, being unveiled at several rallies with slick leaflets promoting her campaign handed out by the entrance. In one flyer, Phillipson promises, "I won't defend our mistakes" – a bold pitch, since being wheeled out to apologise for the party is basically the deputy leader's job description. Indeed, earlier this month the role was described as "a terrible job, really ghastly" by Labour peer Margaret Beckett, who held the title in the 1990s.
At the rally by campaign group Labour to Win, Luke Akehurst MP put on a brave face, admitting the party has had "a couple of weeks where things have not gone well for us, and we need to put a stop to them not going well for us". He pleaded with delegates not to go leaking stories to the press, with "a story of division and chaos and in-fighting", and "taking the people at the top of the party out in front and critiquing them."
And he lashed out at hints that Manchester's Mayor Andy Burnham might challenge Keir Starmer: "Most of the cameras are following someone who isn't even qualified to run!"
Akehurst – a veteran fixer on the Labour right – knows a thing or two about winning internal Labour elections. At the Labour First rally the next day, he boasted of how he was able to "completely confound" journalists with floor votes still favourable for the leadership, because of "organising all year", electing "speaker after speaker after speaker" as delegates, "which is like bloody herding cats, trying to get people, just, oooh trust us, here's seven really obscure topics that would be really quite ideal for us to debate. We got about 67% of the vote or something on that."
There were theatrical pledges of support, as cabinet ministers at rallies lined up to praise the prime minister.
Health secretary Wes Streeting is an ambitious political operator, whom I've known since he was my student union's president 20 years ago. Even back then, he was clearly already running to be prime minister; like Cassius in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, he often "has a lean and hungry look." Yet at the Labour rally, he was doing his best to channel the manner of a North Korean MP theatrically clapping the Dear Leader, not wanting to be seen as half-hearted in his applause.
But the mood of delegates was far less chipper. When chancellor Rachel Reeves told the rally, "It's great to see Keir come out fighting this week!", the Labour member next to me – who had been loyally applauding up until this point – muttered, "Yeah, too late!"
Ultimately, the Labour conference in Liverpool reminded me of grief. And grief has five stages. I saw plenty of denial, anger, bargaining and depression. I saw little of the last stage, acceptance. But then again, even some of the bargaining was surreal. One delegate I overheard in the café was musing on whether the coming England match might help the government's popularity. He earnestly predicted, "When England do well, the whole community do well, so maybe if we, er, hope…?"
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